Residency training is a period of supervised, hands-on practical training that follows medical school and is a necessary step in becoming a licensed physician. During residency, new doctors work in various medical specialties under the guidance of experienced mentors, gaining knowledge and skills in patient care, treatment, diagnosis, and management of medical conditions. Residency programs typically last between three to seven years, depending on the specialty, and involve a combination of clinical rotations, didactic education, research, and exams. Residency training is crucial for preparing physicians to provide high-quality, evidence-based care to patients and is a key component of medical education.